Master of Engineering (Software)

AIMS

Declarative programming languages provide elegant and powerful programming paradigms and techniques that every programmer should know. This subject presents declarative programming languages and techniques.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• The dangers of destructive update
• Functional programming
• Recursion
• Strong type systems
• Parametric polymorphism
• Algebraic types
• Type classes
• Defensive programming practice
• Higher order programming
• Currying and partial application
• Lazy evaluation
• Monads
• Logic programming
• Unification and resolution
• Nondeterminism, search, and backtracking.

AIMS

This subject introduces the technologies of computer graphics and human-computer interaction along with the biological, psychological and social aspects of human perception and action that inform the application of those technologies. The emphasis is on 2D and 3D computer graphics and the geometric modelling techniques used for representing and interacting with objects in dynamic scenes. Techniques considered include transformation geometry, illumination models and the real-time rendering (shading) models. The subject is centred on developing Apps for tablet computers based on natural user interfaces (NUIs), a term used by developers of human-machine interfaces that effectively become invisible to their users through successive learned interactions. Technologies likely to be considered are: virtual reality, computer games, augmented reality, tele-presence, or other modalities such as interaction through the sense of touch, audio or image processing and analysis. This subject supports course-level objectives by allowing students to develop analytical skills to understand the complexity of developing real-world computer graphics and interaction applications.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics are drawn from computational geometry and human-computer interaction including:

• 2D and 3D computer graphics
• Colour and illumination models
• Raster and vector graphics
• Geometric modelling
• Rendering (shading) and visualisation
• Geometric transformations (including projection)
• Computational matrix geometry and/or animation (kinematics)
• Interaction categories and styles (particularly graphical user interfaces)
• Usability and accessibility (including interaction for people with disabilities).

AIMS

This subject is the capstone project for the Informatics major and the Computing and Software Systems major in the BSc. Students will work on a real life problem in a small team, supervised by a member of staff. Each team will analyse the information needs of users and develop working computational solutions. Students are expected to apply sound principles studied over the course of their degree to the formulation and solution of their problem.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Students will work in teams to analyse, design, implement and test a non-trivial IT system. A key part of the project is for students to develop and manage a project in order to deliver a quality IT product. Workshops will explore the application of theory to the project and include selected topics drawn from: ethics, project management, design frameworks, testing, technical reviews, and product evaluation.

AIMS

Over the last half-century, computers have improved at a faster rate than almost any other technology on the planet, yet the principles on which they work have remained mostly constant. In this subject, students will learn how computer systems work "under the hood".

The specific aim of this subject is for the students to develop an understanding of the basic concepts underlying computer systems. A key focus of this subject is the introduction of operating systems principles and computer network protocols. This knowledge is essential for writing secure software, for writing high performance software, and for writing network-based services and applications.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics covered include:

• The role of the operating system
• The memory hierarchy (caches, virtual memory, and working sets)
• Interrupt handling, processes and scheduling
• File systems
• Introduction to multiprocessors and synchronization
• Introduction to network protocols (OSI model)
• Development of client-server applications
• Computer system security and cryptographic protocols.

AIMS

Artificial intelligence is the quest to create intelligent agents that can complete complex tasks which are at present only achievable by humans. This broad field covers logic, probability, perception, reasoning, learning and action; and everything from Mars Rover robotic explorers to the Watson Jeopardy playing program. You will explore some of the vast area of artificial intelligence. Topics covered include: searching, problem solving, reasoning, knowledge representation and machine learning. Topics may also include some of the following: game playing, expert systems, pattern recognition, machine vision, natural language, robotics and agent-based systems.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• Agents and search
• Probabilistic reasoning
• Reinforcement Learning
• Pattern recognition for robotics.

AIMS

Machine Learning, a core discipline in data science, is prevalent across Science, Technology, the Social Sciences, and Medicine; it drives many of the products we use daily such as banner ad selection, email spam filtering, and social media newsfeeds. Machine Learning is concerned with making accurate, computationally efficient, interpretable and robust inferences from data. Originally borne out of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning has historically been the first to explore more complex prediction models and to emphasise computation, while in the past two decades Machine Learning has grown closer to Statistics gaining firm theoretical footing.

This subject aims to introduce undergraduate students to the intellectual foundations of machine learning, and to introduce practical skills in data analysis that can be applied in graduates' professional careers.

CONTENT

Topics will be selected from: prediction approaches for classification/regression such as k-nearest neighbour, naïve Bayes, discriminative linear models, decision trees, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks; clustering methods such as k-means, hierarchical clustering; probabilistic approaches; exposure to large-scale learning.

AIMS

The subject aims to provide an understanding of the principles on which the Web, Email, DNS and other interesting distributed systems are based. Questions concerning distributed architecture, concepts and design; and how these meet the demands of contemporary distributed applications will be addressed.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics covered include: characterization of distributed systems, system models, interprocess communication, remote invocation, indirect communication, operating system support, distributed objects and components, web services, security, distributed file systems, and name services.

AIM

The study of genomics is on the forefront of biology. Current laboratory technologies generate huge amounts of data. Computational analysis is necessary to make sense of these data. This subject covers a broad range of approaches to the computational analysis of genomic data. Students learn the theory behind the different approaches to genomic analysis, preparing them to use existing methods appropriately and positioning them to develop new ways to analyse genomic data.

The subject is a core subject in the MSc (Bioinformatics), and is an elective in the Master of Information Technology and the Master of Engineering. It can also be taken by PhD students and by undergraduate students, subject to the approval of the lecturer.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

This subject covers computational analysis of genomic data, from the perspective of information theory. Topics include information theoretic analysis of genomic sequences; sequence comparison, including heuristic approaches and multiple sequence alignment; and approaches to motif finding and genome annotation, including probabilistic modelling and visualization, computational detection of RNA families, and current challenges in protein structure determination. Practical work includes writing bioinformatics applications programs and preparing a research report that uses existing bioinformatics web resources.

AIMS

Many applications require access to very large amounts of data. These applications often require reliability (data must not be lost even in the presence of hardware failures), and the ability to retrieve and process the data very efficiently.

The subject will cover the technologies used in advanced database systems. Topics covered will include: transactions, including concurrency, reliability (the ACID properties) and performance; and indexing of both structured and unstructured data. The subject will also cover additional topics such as: uncertain data; Xquery; the Semantic Web and the Resource Description Framework; dataspaces and data provenance; datacentres; and data archiving.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics include:

• Introduction to High Performance Database Systems
• Issues of Performance and Reliability
• Transaction Processing
• Recovery from Failures
• Map Reduce Models.

AIMS

In the 1930s, Alan Turing and Konrad Zuse independently proposed designs of computing machines based on the idea that storage used for data and storage used for instructions be indistinguishable. This “stored-program” model formed the blueprint for all modern computers. The ability to treat programs as data turned out to be very powerful, as it meant that a program could be designed to read, generate, analyse and/or transform other programs, and even modify itself while running. This subject is concerned with meta-programs - programs that work on other programs, possibly generating programs as output. People routinely read, generate, analyse, test, and transform programs. For example, a programmer may look through code for potential buffer overruns, and may add runtime tests to avoid the security problems that could result. It is preferable, however, to automate such activity as far as we can, partly because that makes programmers more productive, and partly because computers generally are better at these tasks, avoiding human oversights and mistakes. This subject introduces the main techniques and applications of program analysis and transformation, including methods used by modern optimizing compilers and allied tools.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• Syntax and semantics: Program representations, operational and denotational semantics.
• Fixed point theory: Order, lattices, functions and fixed points
• Program analysis: The monotone framework, constraint-based analysis, collecting semantics, abstract interpretation, widening, inter-procedural analysis, analysis of functional and logic programs
• Meta-programming: Interpreters, meta-interpreters, program instrumentation, source-to-source program transformation, including fold/unfold and partial evaluation
• Other topics may be covered via the project, for example, analysis for violations of safety and/or security policies, or analysis and transformation for finding and implementing parallelism.

AIMS

The aims for this subject is for students to develop an understanding of the main algorithms used in natural language processing and text retrieval, for use in a diverse range of applications including search engines, machine translation, text mining, sentiment analysis, and question answering. Topics to be covered include text pre-processing, part-of-speech tagging, context-free grammars, n-gram language modelling, and text classification. The programming language used is Python.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics covered may include:

• Text classification algorithms such as logistic regression
• Vector space models for natural language semantics
• Structured prediction, Hidden Markov models
• N-gram language modelling, including statistical estimation
• Alignment of parallel corpora
• Term indexing, term weighting for information retrieval
• Query expansion and relevance feedback

AIMS

The growing popularity of the Internet along with the availability of powerful computers and high-speed networks as low-cost commodity components are changing the way we do parallel and distributed computing (PDC). Cluster and Cloud Computing are two approaches for PDC. Clusters employ cost-effective commodity components for building powerful computers within local-area networks. Recently, “cloud computing” has emerged as the new paradigm for delivery of computing as services in a pay-as-you-go-model via the Internet. These approaches are used to tackle may research problems with particular focus on "big data" challenges that arise across a variety of domains.

Some examples of scientific and industrial applications that use these computing platforms are: system simulations, weather forecasting, climate prediction, automobile modelling and design, high-energy physics, movie rendering, business intelligence, big data computing, and delivering various business and consumer applications on a pay-as-you-go basis.

This subject will enable students to understand these technologies, their goals, characteristics, and limitations, and develop both middleware supporting them and scalable applications supported by these platforms.

This subject is an elective subject in the Master of Information Technology.   It can also be taken as an Advanced Elective subject in the Master of Engineering (Software).

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• Cluster computing: elements of parallel and distributed computing, cluster systems architecture, resource management and scheduling, single system image, parallel programming paradigms, cluster programming with MPI
• Utility computing: foundations and grid computing technologies
• Cloud computing: cloud platforms, Virtualization, Cloud Application Programming Models (Task, Thread, and MapReduce), Cloud applications, and future directions in utility and cloud computing
• "Big data" processing and analytics in distributed environments.

AIMS

Much of the world's knowledge is stored in the form of unstructured data (e.g. text) or implicitly in structured data (e.g. databases). In this subject students will learn algorithms and data structures for extracting, retrieving and analysing explicit knowledge from various data sources, with a focus on the web. Topics include: data encoding and markup, web crawling, regular expressions, document indexing, text retrieval, clustering, classification and prediction, pattern mining, and approaches to evaluation of knowledge technologies.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Introduction to Knowledge Technologies; String search; Genomics; Text processing and search; Web search and retrieval; Introduction to Data Mining; Introduction to basic Probability; Classification; Association Rules; Clustering; Evaluation measures.

Examples of projects that students may completed are:

• A method for automatically predicting the geo-location of a Twitter user on the basis of their posts
• An automatic method for tagging multilingual Wikipedia documents with Wikipedia categories
• A search engine for Twitter data, which takes into account the time stamp of the query and documents
• A search engine for web user forum data
• A search engine servicing mixed monolingual queries (as in monolingual queries from a range of languages) over a large-scale document collection
• Classification and prediction of some real world problems using machine learning techniques.

AIMS

The aims for this subject is for students to develop an understanding of approaches to solving combinatorial optimization problems with computers, and to be able to demonstrate proficiency in modelling and solving programs using a high-level modelling language, and understanding of different solving technologies. The modelling language used is MiniZinc.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics covered will include:

• Modelling with Constraints
• Global constraints
• Multiple Modelling
• Model Debugging
• Scheduling and Packing
• Finite domain constraint solving
• Mixed Integer Programming

AIM

Research is a process of acquiring new knowledge by systematically and rigorously applying methods to address well-formulated questions. To be valuable, new knowledge must address a significant theoretical question, it must be supported by evidence and be able to stand up to critical scrutiny, and its presentation to other researchers and/or to the public must be persuasive. This subject is an introduction to research thinking, skills and methodologies as they apply to computing and related disciplines. The subject will foster the development of critical thinking, a skeptical and rigorous approach, and awareness of research ethics. This subject will be particularly useful for students contemplating undertaking a research degree, or for students currently enrolled in a research degree (MPhil or PhD) or a course-work degree with a research project (MIT, MIS).

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Research skills covered will include: surveying relevant literature, developing productive research questions, selecting and designing appropriate methods, analysing data and reasoning about their theoretical implications, communicating research both in writing and through oral presentation, and understanding the ethics of research. Qualitative methods covered include: ethnography, field data collection techniques (interviews, focus groups), thematic analysis, case studies and design-based research. Quantitative methods covered include: statistical thinking and techniques, hypothesis testing, experiment design, survey design, simulation studies.

AIMS

Technological advances in obtaining high throughput data have stimulated the development of new computational approaches to bioinformatics. This subject will cover core computational challenges in analysing bioinformatics data. We cover important algorithmic approaches and data structures used in solving these problems, and the challenges that arise as these problems increase in scale.

The subject is a core subject in the MSc (Bioinformatics), and is an elective in the Master of Information Technology and the Master of Engineering. It can also be taken by PhD students and by undergraduate students, subject to the approval of the lecturer.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

The subject covers key algorithms used in bioinformatics, with a focus on genomics. Indicative topics are: sequence alignment (dynamic algorithms and seed-and-extend), genome assembly, variant detection, phylogenetic construction, genomic intervals, complexity and correctness of algorithms, clustering and classification of genomics data, data reduction and visualisation. The subject assumes you have experience in programming and familiarity with the foundations of genomics.

AIMS

Mobile devices are ubiquitous nowadays. Mobile computing encompasses technologies, devices and software that enable (wireless) access to services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere. This subject will cover fundamental mobile computing techniques and technologies, and explain challenges that are unique to mobile computing. In particular, the development of software for mobile devices requires hands-on experience that cannot be captured using simulation environments or emulators. Mobile device have limited computing power and restrictions on the communication bandwidth, latency and network availability. Equally important, mobile device are also confined by their input mechanisms and their output capabilities such as screen size and resolution. This subject will enable students to develop mobile phone applications and provide them with hands-on experience.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• A survey of mobile operating systems and development environments; including a discussion of Android and iOS
• Development of interfaces for mobile devices and dealing with different input modalities
• Wireless messaging fundamentals such as push and pull, as well as messaging services such as SMS and MMS and their implementation
• Wireless personal area network standards such as Bluetooth, UWB (ultra-wide band) and ZigBee
• Fundamentals of wireless wide area networks (WWAN) and 4G standards such as LTE and WiMAX enabling wireless broadband access, and the underlying code-, frequency- and time-based multiplexing techniques
• Architectures for thin clients
• Routing in mobile ad-hoc networks and vehicular ad-hoc networks
• RFID (radio frequency identification), in particular how to interrogate RFID tags and anti-collision, and how to maintain security and privacy
• In- and outdoor positioning techniques (GPS) for mobile devices, as location-based services are seen to be one of the key emerging application areas in mobile computing
• Location privacy in mobile computing applications
• Mobile agents, i.e., software programs that can migrate between different hosts.

AIMS

Sensor networks are a key component of today’s increasingly pervasive computing technologies. In this subject, the aim is to develop an understanding of sensor network technologies from three different perspectives: sensing, communication, and computing (including hardware, software, and algorithms) and their applications.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics covered include:

• Attributes of sensor networks
• Wired and wireless sensors
• Sensors and networks design and deployment issues
• Bandwidth and energy constraints aware techniques for network discovery
• Network control and routing
• Collaborative information processing
• Offloading processing and data management tasks, querying
• Tasking and programming sensor networks
• Standards that provide the models and schema encoding for defining the geometric, dynamic and observational characteristics of a sensor, and
• Applications

AIMS

The Internet, World Wide Web, bank networks, mobile phone networks and many others are examples for Distributed Systems. Distributed Systems rely on a key set of algorithms and data structures to run efficiently and effectively. In this subject, we learn these key algorithms that professionals work with while dealing with various systems. Clock synchronization, leader election, mutual exclusion, and replication are just a few areas were multiple well known algorithms were developed during the evolution of the Distributed Computing paradigm.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics covered include:

• Synchronous and asynchronous network algorithms that address resource allocation, communication
• Consensus among distributed processes
• Distributed data structures
• Data consistency
• Deadlock detection
• Lader election, and
• Global snapshots issues.

AIMS

The subject aims to introduce students to parallel algorithms and their analysis. Fundamental principles of parallel computing are discussed. Various parallel architectures and programming platforms are introduced. Parallel algorithms for different architectures, as well as parallel algorithms addressing specific scientific problems are critically analysed.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics include: principles of parallel computing, PRAM model, PRAM algorithms, parallel architectures, OpenMP, shared memory algorithms, systolic algorithms, parallel communication patterns, PVM/MPI, scientific applications, hypercube, graph embeddings and extended parallel computing models.

AIMS

Declarative programming languages provide elegant and powerful programming paradigms which every programmer should know. This subject presents declarative programming languages and techniques.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• The dangers of destructive update
• Functional programming
• Recursion
• Strong type systems
• Parametric polymorphism
• Algebraic types
• Type classes
• Defensive programming practice
• Higher order programming
• Currying and partial application
• Lazy evaluation
• Monads
• Logic programming
• Unification and resolution
• Nondeterminism, search, and backtracking

AIMS

The subject will explore foundational knowledge in the area of cryptography and information security. The overall aim is to gain an understanding of fundamental cryptographic concepts like encryption and signatures and use it to build and analyse security in computers, communications and networks. This subject covers fundamental concepts in information security on the basis of methods of modern cryptography, including encryption, signatures and hash functions.

This subject is an elective subject in the Master of Engineering (Software). It can also be taken as an advanced elective in Master of Information Technology.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

The subject will be made up of three parts:

• Cryptography: the essentials of public and private key cryptography, stream ciphers, digital signatures and cryptographic hash functions
• Access Control: the essential elements of authentication and authorization; and
• Secure Protocols; which are obtained through cryptographic techniques.

A particular emphasis will be placed on real-life protocols such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Kerberos.

Topics drawn from:

• Symmetric key crypto systems
• Public key cryptosystems
• Hash functions
• Authentication
• Secret sharing
• Protocols
• Key Management.

AIMS

Good craftsmen know their tools, and compilers are amongst the most important tools that programmers use. There are many ways in which familiarity with compilers helps programmers.

For example, knowledge of semantic analysis helps programmers understand error messages, and knowledge of code generation techniques helps programmers debug problems at assembly language level. The technologies used in compiler development are also useful when implementing other kinds of programs. The concepts and tools used in the analysis phases of a compiler are useful for any program whose input has a structure that is non-trivial to recognize, while those used in the synthesis phases are useful for any program that generates commands for another system. This subject provides an understanding of the main principles of programming language implementation, as well as first hand experience of the application of those principles.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

The subject describes how compilers analyse source programs, how they translate them to target programs, and what tools are available to support these tasks. Topics covered include compiler structures; lexical analysis; syntax analysis; semantic analysis; intermediate representations of programs; code generation; and optimisation.

AIMS

At the heart of theoretical computer science are questions of both philosophical and practical importance. What does it mean for a problem to be solvable by computer? What are the limits of computability? Which types of problems can be solved efficiently? What are our options in the face of intractability? This subject covers such questions in the content of a wide-ranging exploration of the nexus between logic, complexity and algorithms, and examines many important (and sometimes surprising) results about the nature of computing.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• Turing machines
• The Church-Turing Thesis
• Decidable languages
• Reducability
• Time Complexity: The classes P and NP, NP-complete problems
• Space complexity: including sub-linear space
• Circuit complexity
• Approximation algorithms
• Probabilistic complexity classes
• Additional topics may include descriptive complexity, interactive proofs, communication complexity, complexity as applied to cryptography
• Space complexity, including sub-linear space
• Finite state automata, pushdown automata, regular languages, context-free languages to the Recommended Background Knowledge.

Example of assignment

• Proving the equivalence of a variant of a standard machine to the original version
• Describing an NP-hardness reduction
• Designing an approximation algorithm for an NP-hard problem.

AIMS

The key focus of this subject is the foundations of automated planning and reasoning and their real-world applications. Automated planning is the AI approach to developing agents that make their own decisions and is becoming increasingly popular. Autonomous agents are active entities that perceive their environment, reason, plan and execute appropriate actions to achieve their goals, in service of their users (the real world, human beings, or other agents). This subject shows how this work is relevant for many applications beyond the traditional area of artificial intelligence, such as resource scheduling, logistics, process management, service composition, intelligent sensing and robotics. The subject focuses on the foundations that enable agents to reason autonomously about goals, perception, actions and the knowledge of other agents during collaborative task execution.

This subject is an elective subject in the Master of Science (Computer Science) and Master of Information Technology, in particular for the Distributed Computing and the Computing Specialisations. It can also be taken as an Advanced Elective subject in the Master of Engineering (Software).

INDICATIVE CONTENT

Topics are drawn from the field of advanced artificial intelligence including:

• Search algorithms and heuristic functions
• Classical (AI) planning
• Probabilistic planning
• Non-deterministic planning
• Reinforcement learning
• Multi-agent and epistemic planning
• Game theory
• Ethics in AI planning

AIM

With exponential growth in data generated from sensor data streams, search engines, spam filters, medical services, online analysis of financial data streams, and so forth, there is demand for fast monitoring and storage of huge amounts of data in real-time. Traditional technologies were not aimed to such fast streams of data. Usually they required data to be stored and indexed before it could be processed.

Stream computing was created to tackle those problems that require processing and classification of continuous, high volume of data streams. It is highly used on applications such as Twitter, Facebook, High Frequency Trading and so forth.

This subject will focus on the algorithms and data structures behind the analysis and management of streams. Theoretical underpinnings are emphasized, with implementation of some fundamental algorithms.

INDICATIVE CONTENT

• Why stream processing is important
• Hash functions, probability, and fundamental data structures
• Data stream model
• Data stream algorithms: Sampling, sketching, distinct items, frequent items, frequency moments, etc.
• Data stream mining: clustering, histograms, query tracking
• Graph streams: connectivity, matchings, covers.
  

AIMS

This subject involves students undertaking professional work experience at a Host Organisation’s premises. Students will work under the supervision of both a member of academic staff and an external supervisor at the Host Organisation.

During the period of work experience, students will be introduced to workplace culture and be offered the opportunity to strengthen their employability. Students will undertake seminars covering topics that will include professional standards of behaviour and ethical conduct, working in teams, time management and workplace networking.